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<li><a href="./">生态统计学原理</a></li>

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<li class="chapter" data-level="1" data-path="index.html"><a href="index.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1</b> 前言</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.1" data-path="index.html"><a href="index.html#为什么要学生态统计"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.1</b> 为什么要学生态统计</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.2" data-path="index.html"><a href="index.html#为什么要学r语言"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.2</b> 为什么要学R语言</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.3" data-path="index.html"><a href="index.html#如何使用和修改本书"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.3</b> 如何使用和修改本书</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1.4" data-path="index.html"><a href="index.html#课程助教"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1.4</b> 课程助教</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2" data-path="如何开始.html"><a href="如何开始.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2</b> 如何开始</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.1" data-path="如何开始.html"><a href="如何开始.html#计算机的一些基本原理"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.1</b> 计算机的一些基本原理</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.2" data-path="如何开始.html"><a href="如何开始.html#安装r程序"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.2</b> 安装R程序</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.3" data-path="如何开始.html"><a href="如何开始.html#运行r程序"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.3</b> 运行R程序</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.4" data-path="如何开始.html"><a href="如何开始.html#停止r程序"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.4</b> 停止R程序</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.5" data-path="如何开始.html"><a href="如何开始.html#安装rstudio"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.5</b> 安装Rstudio</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.6" data-path="如何开始.html"><a href="如何开始.html#获取帮助"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.6</b> 获取帮助</a>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="2.6.1" data-path="如何开始.html"><a href="如何开始.html#本地帮助文档"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.6.1</b> 本地帮助文档</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.6.2" data-path="如何开始.html"><a href="如何开始.html#在线帮助"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.6.2</b> 在线帮助</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.6.3" data-path="如何开始.html"><a href="如何开始.html#直接询问ai"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.6.3</b> 直接询问AI</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.7" data-path="如何开始.html"><a href="如何开始.html#r软件包"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.7</b> R软件包</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.7.1" data-path="如何开始.html"><a href="如何开始.html#使用r软件包"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.7.1</b> 使用R软件包</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.7.2" data-path="如何开始.html"><a href="如何开始.html#r软件包内容"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.7.2</b> R软件包内容</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.7.3" data-path="如何开始.html"><a href="如何开始.html#安装r软件包"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.7.3</b> 安装R软件包</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.8" data-path="如何开始.html"><a href="如何开始.html#安装其他功能"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.8</b> 安装其他功能</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.8.1" data-path="如何开始.html"><a href="如何开始.html#版本控制软件"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.8.1</b> 版本控制软件</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.8.2" data-path="如何开始.html"><a href="如何开始.html#编写r软件包的辅助工具"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.8.2</b> 编写R软件包的辅助工具</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.9" data-path="如何开始.html"><a href="如何开始.html#获取本书资料"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.9</b> 获取本书资料</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.9.1" data-path="如何开始.html"><a href="如何开始.html#仅查看本书资料"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.9.1</b> 仅查看本书资料</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.9.2" data-path="如何开始.html"><a href="如何开始.html#查看和修改本书资料"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.9.2</b> 查看和修改本书资料</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3" data-path="r语言基础.html"><a href="r语言基础.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3</b> R语言基础</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.1" data-path="r语言基础.html"><a href="r语言基础.html#重要的快捷键"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.1</b> 重要的快捷键</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.2" data-path="r语言基础.html"><a href="r语言基础.html#基本数据类型"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.2</b> 基本数据类型</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.2.1" data-path="r语言基础.html"><a href="r语言基础.html#字符"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.2.1</b> 字符</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.2.2" data-path="r语言基础.html"><a href="r语言基础.html#数字"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.2.2</b> 数字</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.2.3" data-path="r语言基础.html"><a href="r语言基础.html#逻辑值"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.2.3</b> 逻辑值</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.2.4" data-path="r语言基础.html"><a href="r语言基础.html#类型转换"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.2.4</b> 类型转换</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.3" data-path="r语言基础.html"><a href="r语言基础.html#数据运算"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.3</b> 数据运算</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.3.1" data-path="r语言基础.html"><a href="r语言基础.html#数字运算"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.3.1</b> 数字运算</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.3.2" data-path="r语言基础.html"><a href="r语言基础.html#逻辑和关系运算"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.3.2</b> 逻辑和关系运算</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.3.3" data-path="r语言基础.html"><a href="r语言基础.html#字符运算"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.3.3</b> 字符运算</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.4" data-path="r语言基础.html"><a href="r语言基础.html#常见运算函数"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.4</b> 常见运算函数</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.5" data-path="r语言基础.html"><a href="r语言基础.html#变量"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.5</b> 变量</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.5.1" data-path="r语言基础.html"><a href="r语言基础.html#变量构造"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.5.1</b> 变量构造</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.5.2" data-path="r语言基础.html"><a href="r语言基础.html#赋值"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.5.2</b> 赋值</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.6" data-path="r语言基础.html"><a href="r语言基础.html#逻辑控制"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.6</b> 逻辑控制</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.6.1" data-path="r语言基础.html"><a href="r语言基础.html#条件"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.6.1</b> 条件</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.6.2" data-path="r语言基础.html"><a href="r语言基础.html#循环"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.6.2</b> 循环</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.7" data-path="r语言基础.html"><a href="r语言基础.html#容器"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.7</b> 容器</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.7.1" data-path="r语言基础.html"><a href="r语言基础.html#向量"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.7.1</b> 向量</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.7.2" data-path="r语言基础.html"><a href="r语言基础.html#矩阵"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.7.2</b> 矩阵</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.7.3" data-path="r语言基础.html"><a href="r语言基础.html#数据框"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.7.3</b> 数据框</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.7.4" data-path="r语言基础.html"><a href="r语言基础.html#列表"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.7.4</b> 列表</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.8" data-path="r语言基础.html"><a href="r语言基础.html#函数"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.8</b> 函数</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.8.1" data-path="r语言基础.html"><a href="r语言基础.html#函数的判别"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.8.1</b> 函数的判别</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.8.2" data-path="r语言基础.html"><a href="r语言基础.html#函数的定义"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.8.2</b> 函数的定义</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.9" data-path="r语言基础.html"><a href="r语言基础.html#作业"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.9</b> 作业</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4" data-path="常见生态数据及问题.html"><a href="常见生态数据及问题.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4</b> 常见生态数据及问题</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5" data-path="数理统计基础.html"><a href="数理统计基础.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5</b> 数理统计基础</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.0.1" data-path="数理统计基础.html"><a href="数理统计基础.html#协方差"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.0.1</b> 协方差</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.0.2" data-path="数理统计基础.html"><a href="数理统计基础.html#偏相关系数"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.0.2</b> 偏相关系数</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6" data-path="数据探索性分析.html"><a href="数据探索性分析.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6</b> 数据探索性分析</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.1" data-path="数据探索性分析.html"><a href="数据探索性分析.html#初步探索分析"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.1</b> 初步探索分析</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.1.1" data-path="数据探索性分析.html"><a href="数据探索性分析.html#异常值和缺失值"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.1.1</b> 异常值和缺失值</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.1.2" data-path="数据探索性分析.html"><a href="数据探索性分析.html#理解数据"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.1.2</b> 理解数据</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.2" data-path="数据探索性分析.html"><a href="数据探索性分析.html#排序"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.2</b> 排序</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.2.1" data-path="数据探索性分析.html"><a href="数据探索性分析.html#排序的原理"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.2.1</b> 排序的原理</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.2.2" data-path="数据探索性分析.html"><a href="数据探索性分析.html#排序基本原理"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.2.2</b> 排序基本原理</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.2.3" data-path="数据探索性分析.html"><a href="数据探索性分析.html#主成分分析"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.2.3</b> 主成分分析</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.2.4" data-path="数据探索性分析.html"><a href="数据探索性分析.html#对应分析"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.2.4</b> 对应分析</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.2.5" data-path="数据探索性分析.html"><a href="数据探索性分析.html#常用的几种排序分析"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.2.5</b> 常用的几种排序分析</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.3" data-path="数据探索性分析.html"><a href="数据探索性分析.html#聚类"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.3</b> 聚类</a>
<ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.3.1" data-path="数据探索性分析.html"><a href="数据探索性分析.html#层次聚类"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.3.1</b> 层次聚类</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.3.2" data-path="数据探索性分析.html"><a href="数据探索性分析.html#非层次聚类"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.3.2</b> 非层次聚类</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.3.3" data-path="数据探索性分析.html"><a href="数据探索性分析.html#多元回归树"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.3.3</b> 多元回归树</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.3.4" data-path="数据探索性分析.html"><a href="数据探索性分析.html#顺序聚类"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.3.4</b> 顺序聚类</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.4" data-path="数据探索性分析.html"><a href="数据探索性分析.html#作业-1"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.4</b> 作业</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7" data-path="实验设计.html"><a href="实验设计.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7</b> 实验设计</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8" data-path="经典统计检验.html"><a href="经典统计检验.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8</b> 经典统计检验</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9" data-path="回归分析.html"><a href="回归分析.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9</b> 回归分析</a>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="9.1" data-path="回归分析.html"><a href="回归分析.html#一元回归"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.1</b> 一元回归</a>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="9.1.1" data-path="回归分析.html"><a href="回归分析.html#一元线性模型"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.1.1</b> 一元线性模型</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.1.2" data-path="回归分析.html"><a href="回归分析.html#类型变量"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.1.2</b> 类型变量</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.1.3" data-path="回归分析.html"><a href="回归分析.html#多项式回归"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.1.3</b> 多项式回归</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.2" data-path="回归分析.html"><a href="回归分析.html#多元回归"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.2</b> 多元回归</a>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="9.2.1" data-path="回归分析.html"><a href="回归分析.html#变量筛选"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.2.1</b> 变量筛选</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.2.2" data-path="回归分析.html"><a href="回归分析.html#因子之间的相对重要性"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.2.2</b> 因子之间的相对重要性</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.2.3" data-path="回归分析.html"><a href="回归分析.html#模型诊断"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.2.3</b> 模型诊断</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.2.4" data-path="回归分析.html"><a href="回归分析.html#包含类型变量的多元回归"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.2.4</b> 包含类型变量的多元回归</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.3" data-path="回归分析.html"><a href="回归分析.html#广义线性回归"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.3</b> 广义线性回归</a>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="9.3.1" data-path="回归分析.html"><a href="回归分析.html#目前的困境"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.3.1</b> 目前的困境</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.3.2" data-path="回归分析.html"><a href="回归分析.html#理论扩展"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.3.2</b> 理论扩展</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.3.3" data-path="回归分析.html"><a href="回归分析.html#binary数据例子"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.3.3</b> binary数据例子</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.3.4" data-path="回归分析.html"><a href="回归分析.html#展示回归结果"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.3.4</b> 展示回归结果</a></li>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="9.4" data-path="回归分析.html"><a href="回归分析.html#混合效应模型"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.4</b> 混合效应模型</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.5" data-path="回归分析.html"><a href="回归分析.html#结构方程"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.5</b> 结构方程</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.6" data-path="回归分析.html"><a href="回归分析.html#作业-2"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.6</b> 作业</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10" data-path="谱系分析.html"><a href="谱系分析.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10</b> 谱系分析</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="11" data-path="时间序列分析.html"><a href="时间序列分析.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>11</b> 时间序列分析</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12" data-path="空间分析.html"><a href="空间分析.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12</b> 空间分析</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="13" data-path="网络分析.html"><a href="网络分析.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>13</b> 网络分析</a>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="13.1" data-path="网络分析.html"><a href="网络分析.html#物种共现网络"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>13.1</b> 物种共现网络</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="14" data-path="宏分析.html"><a href="宏分析.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>14</b> 宏分析</a></li>
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